Reasons for importing keys include wanting to make a backup of a private key (generated keys are non-exportable, for security reasons), or if the private key is provided by an external source. This document will guide you through using the OpenSSL command line tool to generate a key pair which you can then import into a YubiKey. May 30, 2017 书接上回。在《ldap 密码加密方式初探》一文中,使用 openssl 命令 aes 算法加密解密时,都用到了 key 和 iv 参数,那么这两个参数是如何生成的呢? 仍然以 aes-256-cbc 开始探.
How to Generate & Use Private Keys using OpenSSL's Command Line Tool. These commands generate and use private keys in unencrypted binary (not Base64 “PEM”) PKCS#8 format. The PKCS#8 format is used here because it is the most interoperable format when dealing with software that isn't based on OpenSSL. Re: How to create AES128 encrypted key with openssl Sure, just get 128 bits of data from /dev/random and you have an AES 128 key that can be used to encrypt anything you like (and decrypt it too). But you can never make an SSL certificate out of such a key.
Symmetic encryption
For symmetic encryption, you can use the following:
To encrypt:
To decrypt:
Asymmetric encryption
For Asymmetric encryption you must first generate your private key and extract the public key.
To encrypt:
To decrypt:
Encripting files
You can't directly encrypt a large file using
rsautl
. Instead, do the following:- Generate a key using
openssl rand
, e.g.openssl rand 32 -out keyfile
. - Encrypt the key file using
openssl rsautl
. - Encrypt the data using
openssl enc
, using the generated key from step 1. - Package the encrypted key file with the encrypted data. The recipient will need to decrypt the key with their private key, then decrypt the data with the resulting key.
Ultimate solution for safe and high secured encode anyone file in OpenSSL and command-line:
Private key generation (encrypted private key):
With unecrypted private key:
With encrypted private key:
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With existing encrypted (unecrypted) private key:
Encrypt a file
Encrypt binary file:
Openssl Generate Key And Iv Test
Encrypt text file:
What is what:
smime
— ssl command for S/MIME utility (smime(1)).-encrypt
— chosen method for file process.-binary
— use safe file process. Normally the input message is converted to 'canonical' format as required by the S/MIME specification, this switch disable it. It is necessary for all binary files (like a images, sounds, ZIP archives).-aes-256-cbc
— chosen cipher AES in 256 bit for encryption (strong). If not specified 40 bit RC2 is used (very weak). (Supported ciphers).-in plainfile.zip
— input file name.-out encrypted.zip.enc
— output file name.-outform DER
— encode output file as binary. If is not specified, file is encoded by base64 and file size will be increased by 30%.yourSslCertificate.pem
— file name of your certificate's. That should be in PEM format.
That command can very effectively a strongly encrypt any file regardless of its size or format.
Decrypt a file
Decrypt binary file:
For text files:
What is what:
-inform DER
— same as-outform
above.-inkey private.key
— file name of your private key. That should be in PEM format and can be encrypted by password.-passin pass:your_password
— (optional) your password for private key encrypt.
Verification
Creating a signed digest of a file:
Verify a signed digest:
Source
-->Creating and managing keys is an important part of the cryptographic process. Symmetric algorithms require the creation of a key and an initialization vector (IV). The key must be kept secret from anyone who should not decrypt your data. The IV does not have to be secret, but should be changed for each session. Asymmetric algorithms require the creation of a public key and a private key. The public key can be made public to anyone, while the private key must known only by the party who will decrypt the data encrypted with the public key. This section describes how to generate and manage keys for both symmetric and asymmetric algorithms.
Symmetric Keys
The symmetric encryption classes supplied by the .NET Framework require a key and a new initialization vector (IV) to encrypt and decrypt data. Whenever you create a new instance of one of the managed symmetric cryptographic classes using the parameterless constructor, a new key and IV are automatically created. Anyone that you allow to decrypt your data must possess the same key and IV and use the same algorithm. Generally, a new key and IV should be created for every session, and neither the key nor IV should be stored for use in a later session.
To communicate a symmetric key and IV to a remote party, you would usually encrypt the symmetric key by using asymmetric encryption. Sending the key across an insecure network without encrypting it is unsafe, because anyone who intercepts the key and IV can then decrypt your data. For more information about exchanging data by using encryption, see Creating a Cryptographic Scheme.
The following example shows the creation of a new instance of the TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider class that implements the TripleDES algorithm.
When the previous code is executed, a new key and IV are generated and placed in the Key and IV properties, respectively.
Sometimes you might need to generate multiple keys. In this situation, you can create a new instance of a class that implements a symmetric algorithm and then create a new key and IV by calling the GenerateKey and GenerateIV methods. The following code example illustrates how to create new keys and IVs after a new instance of the symmetric cryptographic class has been made.
When the previous code is executed, a key and IV are generated when the new instance of TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider is made. Another key and IV are created when the GenerateKey and GenerateIV methods are called.
Asymmetric Keys
The .NET Framework provides the RSACryptoServiceProvider and DSACryptoServiceProvider classes for asymmetric encryption. These classes create a public/private key pair when you use the parameterless constructor to create a new instance. Asymmetric keys can be either stored for use in multiple sessions or generated for one session only. While the public key can be made generally available, the private key should be closely guarded.
A public/private key pair is generated whenever a new instance of an asymmetric algorithm class is created. After a new instance of the class is created, the key information can be extracted using one of two methods:
- The ToXmlString method, which returns an XML representation of the key information.
- The ExportParameters method, which returns an RSAParameters structure that holds the key information.
Both methods accept a Boolean value that indicates whether to return only the public key information or to return both the public-key and the private-key information. An RSACryptoServiceProvider class can be initialized to the value of an RSAParameters structure by using the ImportParameters method.
Asymmetric private keys should never be stored verbatim or in plain text on the local computer. If you need to store a private key, you should use a key container. For more on how to store a private key in a key container, see How to: Store Asymmetric Keys in a Key Container.
The following code example creates a new instance of the RSACryptoServiceProvider class, creating a public/private key pair, and saves the public key information to an RSAParameters structure.